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David W. Williams
David W. Williams (March 20, 1910 – May 6, 2000) was an American attorney and judge, the first African-American federal judge west of the Mississippi.〔Potter, Joan and Claytor, Constance, ''African-American Firsts: Famous, little-known and unsung triumphs of blacks in America'' (1994).〕 He is best known for his work in the abolition of restrictive covenants and for overseeing 4,000 criminal cases that stemmed from the 1965 Watts riots.
==Early life and career==
Williams was born in Atlanta but grew up in Los Angeles. He received an A.B. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1934 and an LL.B. from the University of Southern California Law School in 1937, and was admitted to the California bar in 1937. He was in private practice in Los Angeles, California, from 1937 to 1955. Williams was a founding member of the John M. Langston Bar Association, a black lawyers' group which was organized in response to the Los Angeles County Bar Association's refusal to admit blacks members.〔(Copage, Eric V. "David Williams, 90, Pioneering Black Judge." ''New York Times'', May 12, 2000. )〕
As a lawyer in the 1940s, he was one of several black attorneys who worked with Thurgood Marshall, then head of the legal defense arm of the NAACP, to fight the restrictive covenants that barred African-Americans and other minorities from residence in many parts of Los Angeles and many other American cities. The covenants were declared unconstitutional in 1948. Williams himself was able to benefit from this decision by purchasing a lot in one of Los Angeles’ most exclusive areas; however, he negotiated this purchase over the telephone for fear that he would not be able to obtain the land if the seller and neighbors realized he was black.〔(Woo, Elaine, "David Williams Dies." ''Los Angeles Times'', May 10, 2000. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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